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<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Born in Graz to Charles IIb> of Austria (1540-1590) and Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551-1608), <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> was provided with a strict Jesuit education culminating in his years at the University of Ingolstadt.
<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>, Holy Roman Emperor (July 9, 1578 – February 15, 1637), of the house of Habsburg, reigned 1620-1637.
With his forces scoring important victories against the Protestants, <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> crowned his religious policies by issuing his Edict of Restitution (1629), which was designed to restore all ecclesiastical properties which had been secularized since 1552.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (1078 words)



<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>>

<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> of Naples <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> (<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> I, and son of Alphonso IIb>.
Georg <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> Duckwitz Georg <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> Duckwitz (1904-1973) was a Jews about intended deportation in 1943.
Although Lassalle had been a member of the Communist League i...

http://www.brainyencyclopedia.com/topics/ferdinand.html (1078 words)



<bb>>FERDINANDb>bb>> IIb>. - LoveToKnow Article on <bb>>FERDINANDb>bb>> IIb>.

Similar measures in Austria led to a fresh rising which was put down by the aid of the Bavarians in f627, and <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> could fairly claim that in his hereditary lands at least he had rendered Protestantism innocuous.
During these years <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> had also been menaced by the secret or open hostility of France.
Bethlen Gabor, prince of Transylvania, invaded Hungary, while the Austl-ians rose and joined the Bohemians; but having seen his foes retreat from Vienna, <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> hurried to Frankfort, where he was chosen emperor on the 28th of August 1619.

http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/F/FE/FERDINAND_II_.htm (1078 words)



<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> of Aragon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In 1508, war resumed in Italy, this time against Venice, which all the other powers on the peninsula, including Louis XII, <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>>, Maximilian, and Pope Julius IIb> joined together against as the League of Cambrai.
<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>>, the son of John IIb> of Aragon by his second wife, the Aragonese noblewoman Juana Enriquez, was made King of Sicily by his father in 1468 in preparation for his marriage to Infanta Isabella, the half-sister and heiress of Henry IV of Castile.
<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> (Fernando de AragÃ³n in Spanish and Ferran d'AragÃ³ in Catalan), nicknamed the Catholic ( March 10, 1452 â June 23, 1516) was king of Aragon, Castile, Sicily, Naples, Valencia, Sardinia and Navarre and Count of Barcelona.

http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_V_of_Spain (1078 words)



Wallenstein, Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von on Encyclopedia.com

In 1625, Wallenstein raised a large army for <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> and became chief imperial general, cooperating with the general of the Catholic League, Count Tilly, in the Danish phase of the war.
He advanced his fortune by marriage to a wealthy widow, and for his support of Archduke <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> of Styria (Holy Roman Emperor <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>) before, during, and after the Bohemian revolt that started the Thirty Years War, he was well rewarded, becoming prince and then (1625) duke of Friedland.
The failure of his successor, Tilly, against King Gustavus IIb> of Sweden brought Wallenstein back to power (1632).

http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/W/Wallenst.asp (1078 words)



CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>

<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> annulled the privileges of the estates, declared void the concessions granted to the Bohemian Protestants by the Majestätsbrief of Rudolf IIb>, and punished the heads of the insurrection with death and confiscation of goods.
The excitement of the princes, especially those of the Protestant faith, ran still higher when <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> published, in 1629, the "Edict of Restitution", which directed Protestants to restore all ecclesiastical property taken from the Catholics since the Convention of Passau, in 1552 (2 archbishoprics, 12 bishoprics and many monastic seigniories, especially in North Germany).
Notwithstanding these troubles in his hereditary states, <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> was chosen German Emperor by the votes of all the electors except Bohemia and the Palatinate.

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06040a.htm (1601 words)



Archduke Franz <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>>

Emperor Wilhelm IIb> of Germany, Tsar Nicholas IIb> of Russia and Pope Leo XIII all made representations to Franz Josef on Franz <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>>'s behalf arguing that the the disagreement over <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>>'s marriage was undermining the stability of the monarchy.
The Archduke Francis <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> of Austria, nephew of the aged Emperor and heir to the throne, was assassinated in the streets of Sarajevo, the Bosnian capital, yesterday afternoon.
Franz <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>>, eldest son of Carl Ludwig, the brother of Emperor Franz Josef, was born in 1863.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWarchduke.htm (1601 words)



<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> of Naples - 1469 - 1496 ; became king 1495.
<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> of Portugal - 1816 - 1885 ; became titular king 1837.
<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> of the Two Sicilies - 1810 - 1859 ; became king 1830.

http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand (1601 words)



<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Born in Graz to Charles IIb> of Austria (1540-1590) and Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551-1608), <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> was provided with a strict Jesuit education culminating in his years at the University of Ingolstadt.
<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>, Holy Roman Emperor (July 9, 1578 – February 15, 1637), of the house of Habsburg, reigned 1620-1637.
With his forces scoring important victories against the Protestants, <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> crowned his religious policies by issuing his Edict of Restitution (1629), which was designed to restore all ecclesiastical properties which had been secularized since 1552.

http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II_of_Germany (1078 words)



Hapsburgs

<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> served as Holy Roman emperor (1619-1637), King of Bohemia (1617-1619), and King of Hungary (1621-1625).
The edict, however, alienated some of <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>>'s allies, and this, together with the assumption of Protestant King Gustav IIb> Adolph of Sweden and the assassination of Wallenstein, weakened the imperial authority.
Crown Princess of Naples and Sicily, daughter of Emperor Leopold IIb> and Princess Maria Ludovica of Bourbon-Spain

http://www.geocities.com/historyofaustria/habsburgs.html (1078 words)



<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>, Holy Roman Emperor ( July 9, 1578 â February 15, 1637), of the house of Habsburg, ruled 1620-1637.
In early 1634, he was openly accused of treason and assassinated, probably at <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>>'s instigation.
<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> was also an absolutist and did not endear himself to the nobles, who were quite jealous of their privileges.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (1078 words)



CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Germany

The great conflict between Philip IIb> Augustus of France and John of England was reflected in the contest between the Guelphs and the Hohenstaufens in Germany.
Like his father, Frederick IIb> made Italy the centre of his policy; but at the same time he intended to keep the control of Germany in his own hands, as the imperial power was connected with this country and he must draw the soldiers needed for his Italian projects from Germany.
The scandalous behaviour of Lothair IIb>, who, divorced himself from his lawful wife in order to marry his concubine, brought deep disgrace on his kingdom.

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06484b.htm (20891 words)



<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> -- Encyclopædia Britannica

By their marriage in October 1469, <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> of Aragon and Isabella of Castile initiated a confederation of the two kingdoms that became the basis for the unification of Spain.
second husband of Queen Maria IIb> of Portugal, who proclaimed him king consort with the title of <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> upon the birth of their first son (the future Peter V) in 1837.
By their support of the explorations of Christopher Columbus, they also laid the foundations for Spain's colonies in the New World.

http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?tocId=9034007&query=ferdinand (20891 words)



<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>, Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>, Holy Roman Emperor (July 9, 1578– February 15, 1637), of the house of Habsburg, reigned 1620-1637.
Born in Graz to Charles IIb> of Austria (1540-1590) and Maria Anna of Bavaria (1551-1608), <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> was provided with a strict Jesuit education culminating in his years at the University of Ingolstadt.
With his forces scoring important victories against the Protestants, <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> crowned his religious policies by issuing his Edict of Restitution (1629), which was designed to restore all ecclesiastical properties which had been secularized since 1552.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (20891 words)



<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> 1810-1859

<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> also hoped to gain the support of other Italian governments for his retention of Sicily through the formation of an Italian league, which he backed.
<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> (1810-1859), King of the Two Sicilies, was the first monarch against whom revolution erupted in 1848, the fir st to concede a constitution, and the first to initiate a successful counter-revolutionary movement.
This issue was central to a dispute between <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> and the deputies over the oath of allegiance the latter were supposed to take upon the convocation of the parliament set for May 15.

http://www.ohiou.edu/~Chastain/dh/ferd.htm (20891 words)



World Almanac for Kids

Jews numbered some 530,000 in Germany before World War IIb>; in the early 1990s, however, there were only about 40,000 Jews, one-fourth of them living in Berlin.
Albert IIb> died in the midst of civil war in Bohemia and an Ottoman invasion of Hungary.
Berlin was the cultural as well as the political capital of a unified Germany from 1871 to 1945 and resumed that role in the 1990s.

http://www.worldalmanacforkids.com/explore/nations/germany.html (9487 words)



Habsburg Spain: Information From Answers.com

As ruler of Aragon, <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> had been involved in the struggle against France and Venice for control of Italy; these conflicts became the center of <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>>'s foreign policy as king.
<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>>'s first investment of Spanish forces came in the War of the League of Cambrai against Venice, where the Spanish soldiers distinguished themselves on the field alongside their French allies at the Battle of Agnadello (1509).
In 1504, Queen Isabella died, and although <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> tried to maintain his position over Castile in the wake of her death, the Castilian Cortes Generales (the royal court of Spain) chose to crown Isabella's daughter Joanna queen.

http://www.answers.com/topic/habsburg-spain (5863 words)



AllRefer.com - <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>, Holy Roman emperor (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia

<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> 1578–1637, Holy Roman emperor (1619–37), king of Bohemia (1617–37) and of Hungary (1618–37); successor of Holy Roman Emperor Matthias.
The war reached its unhappy conclusion in the reign of his son, <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> III.
Grandson of <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> I, son of Archduke Charles of Styria, <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> was educated by the Jesuits and supported the Counter Reformation.

http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/F/Ferdi2HRE.html (5863 words)



AllRefer.com - <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>, Holy Roman emperor (German History, Biography) - Encyclopedia

<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> 1578–1637, Holy Roman emperor (1619–37), king of Bohemia (1617–37) and of Hungary (1618–37); successor of Holy Roman Emperor Matthias.
The war reached its unhappy conclusion in the reign of his son, <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> III.
Grandson of <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> I, son of Archduke Charles of Styria, <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> was educated by the Jesuits and supported the Counter Reformation.

http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/F/Ferdi2HRE.html (486 words)



Matthias (1557-1619)

Appointed governor of Austria in 1593 by his oldest brother, the emperor Rudolf IIb>, Matthias continued the Emperor's policy of backing the Counter-Reformation, suppressing several peasant rebellions (1595–97) caused by the government's attempts to suppress Protestantism, though not without being forced to grant concessions.
Holy Roman emperor from 1612, who, in a reversal of the policy of his father, Maximilian IIb>, sponsored a Catholic revival in the Habsburg domains that, despite his moderating influence, eventually led to the outbreak of the Thirty Years' War.
<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> was accepted as king of Bohemia in 1617 and crowned king of Hungary in 1618 but met with Protestant resistance in Bohemia.

http://www.hfac.uh.edu/gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/EmperorMatthias/EmperorMatthias.html (501 words)



Thirty Years' War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>'s suspicions of Wallenstein flared up again in 1633, when Wallenstein attempted to arbitrate the differences between the Catholic and Protestant sides.
<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> decisively defeated Frederick V at the Battle of White Mountain, near Prague in 1620.
<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>>, who became King of Bohemia and <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>, Holy Roman Emperor, was a staunch Catholic who had been educated by the Jesuits and who wanted to restore Catholicism.

http://www.marylandheights.us/project/wikipedia/index.php/Thirty_Years'_War (501 words)



Encyclopedia: Sophie Chotek

Emperor Wilhelm IIb> of Germany, Tsar Nicholas IIb> of Russia and Pope Leo XIII all made representations to Franz Josef on Franz <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>>'s behalf arguing that the disagreement was undermining the stability of the monarchy.
Wilhelm IIb> German Emperor and King of Prussia Wilhelm IIb> of Prussia and Germany had a very small one in the pants, so he required a huge army to restore his manhood and make him look like a big man for his wife.
After attending the official reception at the City Hall, Franz <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> asked about the members of his party that had been wounded by the bomb.

http://www.nationmaster.com/encyclopedia/Sophie-Chotek (2013 words)



CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>

<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> annulled the privileges of the estates, declared void the concessions granted to the Bohemian Protestants by the Majestätsbrief of Rudolf IIb>, and punished the heads of the insurrection with death and confiscation of goods.
The excitement of the princes, especially those of the Protestant faith, ran still higher when <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> published, in 1629, the "Edict of Restitution", which directed Protestants to restore all ecclesiastical property taken from the Catholics since the Convention of Passau, in 1552 (2 archbishoprics, 12 bishoprics and many monastic seigniories, especially in North Germany).
> <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> CICDC - Home of the Catholic Lifetime Reading Plan

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06040a.htm (1601 words)



The History of Protestantism - Volume Third - Book Twenty-first - The Thirty Years' War

First of all came the accession of Silesia and Moravia to the insurrection; the deposition of <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> as King of Bohemia, and the election of Frederick, Elector of the Palatinate, in his room.
The fanatical <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> had by this time gone to his grave; the soberer and more tolerant <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> III had succeeded, but he could not disengage himself from the terrible struggle, and it went on for some time longer; but at last peace began to be talked about.
<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> accordingly passed sentence on Frederick, depriving him of his dominions and dignities, as a traitor to the emperor and a disturber of the public peace.

http://www.doctrine.org/history/HPv3b21.htm (18072 words)



<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>

<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>, who had been married to his second wife, Eleonora Gonzaga of Mantua, since 1622, died in Vienna in 1637.
<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> was born in Graz, the eldest son of the archduke Charles, the ruler of Inner Austria (Styria, Carinthia, and Carniola), and Maria, a daughter of Albrecht V, duke of Bavaria.
<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>>'s Edict of Restitution (1629), which forced Protestants to return to the Roman Catholic church all property seized since 1552, revealed to the German princes the threat of imperial absolutism.

http://www.fortunecity.com/victorian/riley/787/30/Imperial/FerdinandII.html (886 words)



CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>

<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> annulled the privileges of the estates, declared void the concessions granted to the Bohemian Protestants by the Majestätsbrief of Rudolf IIb>, and punished the heads of the insurrection with death and confiscation of goods.
The excitement of the princes, especially those of the Protestant faith, ran still higher when <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> published, in 1629, the "Edict of Restitution", which directed Protestants to restore all ecclesiastical property taken from the Catholics since the Convention of Passau, in 1552 (2 archbishoprics, 12 bishoprics and many monastic seigniories, especially in North Germany).
Notwithstanding these troubles in his hereditary states, <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> was chosen German Emperor by the votes of all the electors except Bohemia and the Palatinate.

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/06040a.htm (886 words)



<bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> I, Holy Roman emperor. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05

When Anna’s brother Louis IIb>, who succeeded to the thrones of Bohemia and Hungary on his father’s death (1516), was killed at the battle of Mohacs (1526), <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> claimed the succession.
In the same year <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> married Anna, daughter of Uladislaus IIb>, king of Hungary and Bohemia, in fulfillment of a treaty (1515) between his grandfather, Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian I, and Uladislaus IIb>.
He was succeeded by his son, Maximilian IIb>, who had been crowned king of Bohemia (1562) and king of Hungary (1563) and had been elected king of the Romans (1562) before <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>>’s death.

http://www.bartleby.com/65/fe/Ferdi1HRE.html (886 words)



August 28: <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> becomes Holy Roman Emperor

The seven "German" electors (the Archbishops of Mainz, Trier and Cologne, the King of Bohemia, the Count Palatine of the Rhine, the Duke of Saxony and the Margrave of Brandenburg) chose <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb> to be Holy Roman Emperor.
By his death in 1637, the victories of the Lutheran Gustav Adolphus and his Swedes had undone much of what <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> gained after his election on this day in 1619.
Religion and Politics in the Age of the Counterreformation: Emperor <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>, William Lamormaini, S.J., and the formation of imperial policy (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, c1981).

http://chi.gospelcom.net/DAILYF/2002/08/daily-08-28-2002.shtml (748 words)



Aragon

1492 Queen Isabella of Castilia and <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> of Aragon expels Jews
1452 <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> IIb>, the Catholic, King of Aragon/Sicily, expelled Jews
1504 By treaty of Lyons, French cede Naples to <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> of Aragon

http://www.brainyhistory.com/topics/a/aragon.html (511 words)



Emperor

1914 <bb>>Ferdinandb>bb>> AR Cabrera, Spanish/German of emperor Wilhelm IIb>, dies at 58
1609 Emperor Rudolf IIb> grants Bohemian protestants freedom of religion
1061 Emperor disposes of bishop Cadalus and Pope Honorius IIb>

http://www.brainyhistory.com/topics/e/emperor.html (5282 words)

Topic: <b>Ferdinand</b> II <b>of<

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